Free radicals can also be formed in non-enzymatic reactions of oxygen with organic compounds as well as those initiated by ionizing reactions.

In recent years, there has been a great deal of attention toward the field of free radical chemistry.

Free radicals reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are generated by our body by various endogenous systems,
exposure to different physiochemical conditions or pathological states.

A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for proper physiological function.

If free radicals overwhelm the body’s ability to regulate them, a condition known as oxidative stress ensues.

Free radicals thus adversely alter lipids, proteins, and DNA and trigger a number of human diseases.

Some EXTERNALLY generated sources of free radicals are:

** Inflammation from GMO (Genetic Modification)…

** Inflammation from Heat altering…(Pasteurization) ….

** Inflammation from Heat altering (Roasting Raw nuts)…

** Inflammation from Lectins (MAGNIFIES ) in GMO peels & seeds)…Genetic Modification​o of a “naturally​ occurring” & useful – needed part of a plant…​

** Inflammation from EXCESS Gluten formation from GMO…​Genetic Modification​o of a “naturally​ occurring” & useful – needed part of a plant​…​.

** Inflammation from Cortisol (Stress in life & also in the meat of the animals trucked to market & Fed GMO

** Exercise …TO EXCESS…
** Alcohol​ … To EXCESS…
** Pharma prescribed improperly​… to EXCESSS…​
** Cigarette smoke

** Other Environmental pollutants
** Radiation
** Certain drugs (Pharma)…
** Pesticides & Weed killers…ROUNDUP…
** Industrial solvents …
** Ozone

** Mitochondria…
an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers

** Xanthine oxidase…
a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans.

** Peroxisomes…
a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.
Phagocytosis…the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans.
Arachidonate pathways
** Ischemia/reperfusion injury…an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.



INTRODUCTION
The recent growth in the knowledge of free radicals and reactive oxygen species
(ROS) in biology is producing a medical revolution that promises a new age of health and disease management.[1] I

It is ironic that oxygen,
an element indispensable for life,[2]
under certain situations has deleterious effects on the human body.[3]

Most of the potentially harmful effects of oxygen are due to the formation and activity of a number of chemical compounds, known as ROS, which have a tendency to donate oxygen to other substances.

Free radicals and antioxidants have become commonly used terms in modern discussions of disease mechanisms.[4]

Free radicals in biology
Free radical reactions are expected to produce progressive adverse changes that accumulate with age throughout the body [Table 1].

Such “normal” changes with age are relatively common to all. However, superimposed on this common pattern are patterns influenced by genetics and environmental differences that modulate free radical damage.

These are manifested as diseases at certain ages determined by genetic and environmental factors.

‘Cancer and atherosclerosis, two major causes of death, are salient “free radical” diseases.

Cancer initiation and promotion is associated with chromosomal defects and oncogene activation.
It is possible that endogenous free radical reactions, like those initiated by ionizing radiation, may result in tumor formation.

The highly significant correlation between consumption of fats and oils and death rates from leukemia and malignant neoplasia of the breast, ovaries, and rectum among persons over 55 years may be a reflection of greater lipid peroxidation.[9]

Studies on atherosclerosis reveal the probability that the disease may be due to free radical reactions involving diet-derived lipids in the arterial wall and serum to yield peroxides and other substances. These compounds induce endothelial cell injury and produce changes in the arterial walls.[10]​to

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